Altitudinal range: from the mesomediterranean belt (potential vegetation: evergreen broad-leaved forests dominated by Quercus ilex) to the submediterranean/colline belt (potential vegetation: mixed deciduous forests dominated by Quercus and Carpinus)
Note: on calcareous rocks, sometimes in anthropogenic settings (e.g., cement constructions); currently known only from low or moderate elevations in Northern Italy, but likely to be more widespread in the Mediterranean region.
