LICHALP

Rinodina confragosa (Ach.) Körb.

Syn.: Lecanora caesiella Flörke ex Spreng., Lecanora confragosa (Ach.) Röhl., Lecanora confragosa (Ach.) Röhl. var. exterior Nyl., Lecanora confragosa (Ach.) Röhl. var. extrusa Vain., Parmelia confragosa Ach., Rinodina aggregata Bagl., Rinodina caesiella (Flörke ex Spreng.) Körb., Rinodina caesiella (Flörke ex Spreng.) Körb. var. aggregata (Bagl.) Arnold, Rinodina confragosa (Ach.) Körb. var. exterior (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Rinodina confragosa (Ach.) Körb. var. extrusa (Vain.) H. Olivier, Rinodina crassescens (Nyl.) Arnold, Rinodina firma (Nyl.) Arnold, Rinodina metabolica (Ach.) Anzi var. saxicola Anzi, Rinodina romeana Müll. Arg., Rinodina samothrakiana Szatala

Lichenised.

Substrate: siliceous rocks

Altitudinal range: from the submediterranean/colline belt (potential vegetation: mixed deciduous forests dominated by Quercus and Carpinus) to the alpine belt (potential vegetation: treeless Alpine grasslands and tundras, to the lower limit of perennial snow and the equilibrium line of glaciers)

Note: a cool-temperate to boreal-montane, circumpolar lichen found on vertical or underhanging surfaces of hard siliceous rocks protected from rain, exceptionally reaching beyond treeline in dry-warm areas; the species is chemically variable; widespread throughout the Alps.