LICHALP

Melanohalea exasperatula (Nyl.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Essl., D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch

Syn.: Melanelia exasperatula (Nyl.) Essl., Parmelia aspidota (Ach.) Röhl. var. exasperatula (Nyl.) Syd., Parmelia exasperatula Nyl., Parmelia papulosa (Anzi) Vain.

Lichenised.

Substrate: bark, lignum, siliceous rocks

Altitudinal range: from the submediterranean/colline belt (potential vegetation: mixed deciduous forests dominated by Quercus and Carpinus) to the alpine belt (potential vegetation: treeless Alpine grasslands and tundras, to the lower limit of perennial snow and the equilibrium line of glaciers)

Note: a cool-temperate to boreal-montane, circumpolar lichen found on isolated trees, especially on twigs and sometimes even on conifer needles, in Xanthorion-communities; especially common on twigs of Larix throughout the Alps.