LICHALP

Verrucaria funckii (Spreng.) Zahlbr.

Syn.: Pyrenula funckii Spreng., Verrucaria elaeomelaena auct. non (A. Massal.) Anzi, Verrucaria silicea Servít, Verrucaria silicicola (Zschacke) Servít

Lichenised.

Substrate: , siliceous rocks

Altitudinal range: from the submediterranean/colline belt (potential vegetation: mixed deciduous forests dominated by Quercus and Carpinus) to the alpine belt (potential vegetation: treeless Alpine grasslands and tundras, to the lower limit of perennial snow and the equilibrium line of glaciers)

Note: among freshwater Verrucariaceae, this is one of the few species which are usually found in permanently submerged conditions, more rarely in the splash zone of water courses or on deeply shaded stream banks, always on siliceous substrata. It is a typical element of springs and clear headwaters, where it can dominate the benthic community; probably much more widespread in the Alps.