Altitudinal range: from the submediterranean/colline belt (potential vegetation: mixed deciduous forests dominated by Quercus and Carpinus) to the alpine belt (potential vegetation: treeless Alpine grasslands and tundras, to the lower limit of perennial snow and the equilibrium line of glaciers)
Note: a species described from the Carpathians, often considered as a synonym of V. aethiobola. According to Thüs (see Nimis 2016) the epithet aethiobola was used for two genetically well-separated taxa: V. aethiobola s.str. and V. cernaensis, and it is likely that at least some of the lowland records from the Alps could refer to the latter species.
