Chaenotheca ferruginea (Turner ex Sm.) Mig.

Syn.: Calicium ferrugineum Turner ex Sm., Calicium melanophaeum Ach., Calicium roscidum (Ach.) Flörke var. pinastri Ach., Chaenotheca melanophaea (Ach.) Zwackh, Cyphelium ferrugineum (Turner ex Sm.) Ach., Cyphelium melanophaeum (Ach.) A. Massal., Phacotium ferrugineum (Turner ex Sm.) Gray, Phacotium melanophaeum (Ach.) Trevis.
Lichenised.
Substrate: bark, lignum
Altitudinal range: from the submediterranean/colline belt (potential vegetation: mixed deciduous forests dominated by Quercus and Carpinus) to the subalpine belt (potential vegetation: open, taiga-like forests dominated by Larix decidua and/or Pinus cembra and Rhododendron)
Note: a cool-temperate to boreal-montane, circumpolar species found on acidic bark, especially of very old oaks, Castanea and conifers, on faces protected from rain, sometimes on decorticated stumps and even charred wood; reported as tolerant of air pollution, and expanding in Northern Europe; widespread throughout the Alps.
Austria: Vorarlberg; Tirol; Salzburg; Kärnten; Steiermark; Oberösterreich; Niederösterreich (incl. Wien); Burgenland; Germany: Oberbayern; Schwaben; Switzerland: Bern; Glarus; Graubünden; Luzern; St. Gallen; Schwyz; Ticino; Uri; Unterwalden; Valais; France: Alpes-de-Haute-Provence; Alpes-Maritimes; Isère; Haute-Savoie; Vaucluse; Italy: Friuli; Veneto; Trentino Alto Adige; Lombardia; Piemonte; Liguria; Slovenia: Alpine and Pre-Alpine Slovenia; Trnovsky Gozd;