LICHALP

Verrucaria pachyderma Arnold

Syn.: Verrucaria pissina Nyl.

Lichenised.

Substrate:

Altitudinal range: from the montane belt (potential vegetation: deciduous forests dominated by Fagus sylvatica and closed coniferous forests with Picea abies) to the alpine belt (potential vegetation: treeless Alpine grasslands and tundras, to the lower limit of perennial snow and the equilibrium line of glaciers)

Note: a freshwater species of periodically submerged siliceous rocks in upland areas, also known from the British Isles and Scandinavia, with several scattered records from the Alps.