Altitudinal range: from the submediterranean/colline belt (potential vegetation: mixed deciduous forests dominated by Quercus and Carpinus) to the montane belt (potential vegetation: deciduous forests dominated by Fagus sylvatica and closed coniferous forests with Picea abies)
Note: this species grows in the splash zone of small rivers and creeks on siliceous rocks and pebbles, usually in shaded situations; in the study area it was only reported from the Eastern Alps (Austria).
