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127
Leaves with spines
around the whole
margin
Ilex aquifolium L.
127
Leaves (actually
modified stems!) with
an antire margin,
ending with a pungent
tip
Ruscus aculeatus L.
128
Spines arising in leaf-
axils. Peeled twigs
yellow. Flowers
yellow
Berberis vulgaris L.
128
Spines deriving from
short branches. Peeled
twigs not yellow.
Flowers not yellow
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129
Petals 4, greenish-
yellow. Fruit usually
<7 mm across. Wood
foul-smelling
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129
Petals 5, white to pink.
Fruit usually >7 mm
across. Wood not foul-
smelling
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130
Leaf-stalk >1 cm and
leaf-blade 3- 7 cm long
Rhamnus cathartica
L.