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acid. Distinguished from
E. cirrhatum
by the abundant
rhizines on the lower surface.
Ecology and distribution:
Corticolous in northern Thailand, occurring on twigs and
branches in evergreen and moss forests and in exposed cliff
vegetation, 460–2590 m. Widely distributed in Asia
(CULBERSON & CULBERSON 1981).
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Medulla bright yellow to ochraceous yellow at least
in lower part
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Medulla white throughout
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Thallus dimorphic with numerous lobules developing from the lobes
Myelochroa xantholepis (Mont. & Bosch) Elix & Hale
Myelochroa xantholepis
(Mont. & Bosch) Elix & Hale,
Mycotaxon 29: 241 (1987).
Syn.:
Parmelina xantholepis
Mont. & Bosch, Phytologia 28:
483 (1974).
Description:
Thallus adnate, 4–6 cm wide, lobes
dimorphic with primary lobes 2–4 mm wide and secondary
lobules, 0.5–2 mm wide, developing abundantly from lamina
and margins; upper surface mineral grey to yellowish–grey;
medulla yellow; lower surface black with narrow paler
brown, papillate marginal zone, rhizines simple to
squarrosely branched. Cortex K+ yellow; atranorin. Medulla
K–, C–, KC–, P–; zeorin, leucotylin, leucotylic acid, related
triterpenoids and secalonic acid A. Distinguished by the
dimorphic lobes, not seen in other Thai
Myelochroa
species.
Ecology and distribution:
Corticolous in mixed
evergreen/deciduous forests on limestone at 1785–1860 m,
and in montane Fagaceae forests at 1116–1600 m on Doi
Suthep. Reported from India (DIVAKAR & UPRETI 2005),
Indonesia, Philippines, Nepal, Taiwan (KUROKAWA & LAI
2001) and Thailand (WOLSELEY et al. 2002).
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Thallus without such lobules
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Medulla P-, without galbinic acid
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Medulla P+ orange, with galbinic acid
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Medulla KC+ red (alectoronic and
α
–collatolic). Lobes 8-20 mm wide
Parmotrema corniculans (Nyl.) Hale
Parmotrema corniculans
(Nyl.) Hale, Phytologia 28(4): 335
(1974).
Syn.:
Parmelia corniculans
Nyl., Flora, 68: 607 (1885).
Description:
Thallus loosely adnate 5-10 cm wide; lobes up
to 0.8-2 cm wide, margins ascending, ciliate; upper surface
pale grey, emaculate, cracked towards centre; medulla white
throughout or with a yellow pigment in the lower part; lower
surface black to pale brown at margins, with broad, sparsely
rhizinate margins. Apothecia 3-10 mm wide, the exciple
dentate. Cortex K+ yellow; atranorin. Medulla K-, C-, KC+
red, P-, UV+ blue-white (pigmented medulla K+ red);
alectoronic and
α
–collatolic acids.
Ecology and
distribution:
Reported from Chiang Mai Province, Doi
Inthanon National Park, corticolous in an evergreen forest at
2000 m by POOPRANG et al. (1999); we have not examined
the specimen. This is a south-east Asian species, also
reported from the Philippines, Java, Laos (HALE 1965) and
Papua New Guinea (LOUWHOFF & ELIX 1999).
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Medulla KC- (zeorin). Lobes 2-5 mm wide
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Medulla yellow, exposed through flaking cortex. Older parts strongly wrinkled and
ridged
Myelochroa entotheiochroa (Hue) Elix & Hale