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95
Lower surface with a broad marginal zone without
rhizines.Lobes 4-20 mm wide
96
95
Lower surface rhizinate to margins or with a narrow
marginal zone without rhizines. Lobes 0.5-4(-5) mm
wide
99
96
Medulla C+ red (lecanoric)
Parmotrema tinctorum (Nyl.) Hale
Parmotrema tinctorum
(Nyl.) Hale, Phytologia 28: 334-339
(1974).
Description:
Thallus loosely adnate, 5–15(–30) cm wide;
lobes broadly rounded, 10–20 mm wide, with eciliate
margins; upper surface green–grey to grey with mainly
laminal, simple to branched or lobulate isidia; lower surface
black with a brown margin; rhizines sparse, simple. Cortex
K+ yellow: atranorin. Medulla K–, C+ red, KC+ red, P–;
lecanoric acid.
P. saccatilobum
does not have lecanoric acid
and the lobes are convoluted, whereas those of
P. tinctorum
are flattened.
Ecology and distribution:
Widespread in all
forest types from 420 to 2000 m. Widespread throughout
tropical and temperate regions (DIVAKAR & UPRETI
2005).
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Medulla C-
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97
Lobes with marginal cilia. Medulla K-, UV+ blue-white (alectoronic and
α
–collatolic)
Parmotrema nanfongense (Kurok.) DePriest & B.Hale
Parmotrema nanfongense
(Kurok.) DePriest & B.Hale,
Mycotaxon 67: 204 (1998).
Syn.:
Parmelia nanfongensis
Kurok., Bull. Natl Sci. Mus.
Tokyo, ser. B., 13: 12 (1987).
Description:
Thallus loosely
attached 4–12 cm wide; lobes rounded, 3–8 mm wide, with
up to 4 mm long cilia; upper surface mineral or pale grey–
green with cylindrical to branched, often ciliate isidia;
medulla white, ± K+ purple pigment in patches; lower
surface black with mottled marginal zone; rhizines sparse to
dense. Cortex K+ yellow; atranorin. Medulla K–, C– or C+
pink, KC+ red, P-, UV+ blue-white; alectoronic and
α
–
collatolic acids. Distinguished from other species containing
alectoronic/
α
–collatolic acids (i.e.
P. lobulascens, P.
maclayanum, P. nilgherrense
), by the ciliate isidia and from
P. mellissii
by the absence of soredia.
Ecology and
distribution:
Corticolous on
Castanopsis
bark at 1400 m in
Chiang Mai Province, Doi Suthep National Park. Asian in
distribution (KUROKAWA 1987; WOLSELEY et al. 2002;
MOON et al. 2000b) including Papua New Guinea
(LOUWHOFF & ELIX 2000).
97
Lobes without marginal cilia. Medulla K+ dirty
brown, UV- (protocetraric)
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98
Isidia thin, fragile
Parmotrema saccatilobum (Taylor) Hale
Parmotrema saccatilobum
(Taylor) Hale, Phytologia 28: 339
(1974).
Syn.:
Parmelia saccatiloba
Taylor, London J. Bot. 6: 174
(1847).
Description:
Thallus to 8 cm wide, closely adnate;
lobes subirregular or becoming convoluted, 4–7 mm wide,
eciliate; upper surface dull, emaculate, grey to yellowish
grey, with mainly simple, fragile, moderately dense isidia;
lower surface black with shining brown erhizinate margin;
rhizines sparse, simple. Cortex K+ yellow; atranorin. Medulla