50
Bulbothrix setschwanensis
(Zahlbr.) Hale
Thallus foliose, adnate, 4-10 cm wide; lobes 2-4 mm wide with sparse, bulbate
marginal cilia. Upper surface pale grey, more or less shiny, lacking isidia and
soredia. Lower surface pale brown, with dense, simple, pale brown to black
rhizines. Apothecia lecanorine. Spores colourless, 1-celled. Photobiont:
chlorococcoid. Spot-tests: cortex K+ yellow (atranorin). Medulla K+ yellow
turning red, C–, KC–, P+ orange (salazinic acid). - A mainly corticolous, Asian
species, reported also from SE Asia, China and India.
Bulbothrix tabacina
(Mont. & Bosch) Hale
Thallus foliose, adnate, 3-5 cm wide; lobes (1.5-)3-5 mm wide, with bulbate
marginal cilia. Upper surface whitish grey, ± maculate, isidia present. Lower
surface black with moderately dense, rarely branched rhizines. Apothecia very
rare, lecanorine. Spores colourless, 1-celled. Photobiont: chlorococcoid. Spot-
tests: cortex K+ yellow (atranorin). Medulla K+ yellow turning red, C-, KC-, P+
orange (salazinic acid). - A widespread pantropical species, both corticolous and
saxicolous.
Bunodophoron diplotypum
(Vain.) Wedin
Thallus fruticose, shrubby, erect, irregularly branched, forming large colonies,
greyish yellow-green to pale grey, sometimes almost white. Medulla hollow.
Apotecia rare (not seen on Sri Lankan material), usually terminal, producing
prominent sooty maezedia (masses of spores). Photobiont: chlorococcoid. Spot-
tests: Medulla K+ yellow, P+ orange. - Common on mature trunks of trees in
shady situations, mostly restricted to humid high elevation forests above 1000 m
(Horton Plains and Kalupahana, montane forests in the Knuckles mountain
region).
Bunodophoron formosanum
(Zahlbr.) Wedin
Thallus fruticose, shrubby, forming extensive colonies, the branches slender,
sparse, flattened, particularly at the base, pale-coloured, greyish green to whitish
dirty green, often with isidioid outgrowths, the lower surface whitish grey.
Medulla solid. Apotecia rare (not seen on Sri Lankan material), usually
terminal, producing prominent sooty maezedia (masses of spores). Photobiont:
chlorococcoid. Spot-tests: Medulla K+ pale yellow, P+ yellow-orange (reactions
often faint). - Common, forming large colonies on mature trunks of trees in
shady situations. mostly restricted to humid forests above 1000 m (Horton
Plains, Pidurutalagala, Hakgala Strict Nature Reserve, Kalupahana, Knuckles,
and Gombaniya montane forests in the Knuckles mountain region).
Caloplaca
spp.
Thallus crustose, of widely different colours, sometimes placodioid. Apothecia
with a usually yellow to orange-red disc reacting K+ blood-red, with or without
a thalline margin. Epithecium with numerous yellow-brown crystals that also
react K+ red. Hymenium colourless. Asci clavate,
Teloschistes
-type. Ascospores
8 or more per ascus (rarely 4), polar diblastic, i.e. with 2 cells connected by a
thin canal. Conidia small, simple, colourless, bacilliform or ellipsoid.
Photobiont: chlorococcoid. Spot-tests: at least the apothecial disc (in Sri Lankan
material) K+ blood red (anthraquinones). - Only a few species of this genus
have been reported so far from Sri Lanka (e.g. the saxicolous
C. crenularia
).
