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UV+ blue-white; alectoronic &
α
–collatolic acids, ± skyrin.
For distinction from other alectoronic/
α
–collatolic acid
containing species with marginal soredia see under
P. poolii
.
P. subarnoldii
has longer rhizines and contains protocetraric
acid.
Ecology and distribution:
Corticolous in mixed
deciduous forest at 800 m in Lampang Province, Wiang
Kosai National Park and in Chiang Mai Province, Doi Suthep
National Park, 840 m. Pantropical (ELIX 1994e).
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Thallus yellowish green, with 0.5-1 mm wide lobes and laminal maculiform soralia,
K+ faint yellow
Parmeliopsis ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl.
Parmeliopsis ambigua
(Wulfen) Nyl., Synopsis Methodica
Lichenum 2(1): 54 (1863).
Syn.:
Foraminella ambigua
(Wulfen) S.F.L.Mey. Mycologia
74 (4): 597 (1982);
Lichen ambiguus
Wulfen in Jacq., Coll.
Austriac., 4: 239, 1790.
Description:
Thallus closely
adpressed, to 4 cm diam. or contiguous with adjacent thalli
and forming extensive patches, with ± elongate, flat or
concave, 0.5–1 mm wide lobes; upper surface bright to dull
yellowish green, dull, with laminal, rarely pustular soralia,
sometimes forming a ± continuous sorediate crust in older
parts of the thallus; lower surface pale brown to dark brown;
rhizines scattered, concolorous, with white tips. Cortex K+
faintly yellow; atranorin, usnic acid. Medulla K–, C-, KC–,
P–, UV+ white; divaricatic acid. Distinguished by laminal
soralia, and UV+ white medulla due to the presence of
divaricatic acid.
Ecology and distribution:
Corticolous in an
evergreen forest at 1000 m in Lumpang Province
(POOPRANG et al. 1999). Subcosmopolitan (PURVIS et al.
1992).
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Thallus not as above, K+ bright yellow
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Lower surface rhizinate to margins
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Lower surface with a broad marginal zone without
rhizines
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Rhizines simple
Parmotrema subsumptum (Nyl.) Hale
Parmotrema subsumptum
(Nyl.) Hale, Mycotaxon 5: 434
(1977).
Syn.:
Rimeliella subsumpta
(Nyl.) Kurok., Ann. Tsukuba
Bot. Gard. 10: 9 (1991);
Parmelia subsumpta
Nyl., Flora 52:
117 (1869).
Description:
Thallus loosely adnate 7–15 cm
wide, lobes 7–12 mm wide, sparsely to moderately or densely
ciliate; upper surface with marginal or submarginal soralia;
lower surface pale tan to brown, sometimes becoming black
at centre, with short, simple or rarely branched rhizines
extending to the margins. Cortex K+ yellow; atranorin.
Medulla K+ yellow turning red, C–, KC-, P+ yellow–orange;
salazinic acid. Considered to be the sorediate counterpart of
P. subcaperatum
. Protolichesterinic acid reported by
DIVAKAR & UPRETI (2005) but not confirmed for Thai
specimens.
Ecology and distribution:
Corticolous at 1000–
1400 m in Chiang Mai Province, Maetang and Muang
Districts. Reported from N and S America, Africa, SE Asia,
Australia, Papua New Guinea (ELIX 1994b) and India
(DIVAKAR & UPRETI 2005).
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Rhizines dichotomously branched
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Soralia laminal. Upper surface UV+ golden yellow
Hypotrachyna osseoalba (Vain.) Y.S. Park & Hale