Basic HTML Version
38
Bulbothrix isidiza
(Nyl.) Hale Phytologia 28: 480 (1974).
Syn.:
Parmelia isidiza
Nyl., in Henriques, Bull. Soc. Broter.
3: 130 (1885).
Description:
Thallus adnate to loosely
attached, 5–10 cm wide; lobes 1–4 mm wide with marginal
bulbate cilia; upper surface pale yellow–green to grey,
densely isidiate; lower surface uniformly pale brown with
simple, pale brown or darkening rhizines. Cortex K+ yellow;
atranorin. Medulla K+ yellow turning red, C–, KC-, P+
orange; salazinic acid. Distinguished from the other
Bulbothrix
species in northern Thailand by a pale lower
surface, simple rhizines and by the presence of isidia.
Ecology and distribution:
Corticolous and widespread in
northern Thailand; occurring in evergreen forests above 1000
m. Pantropical, in open, secondary forests (HALE 1976a;
SWINSCOW & KROG 1988; ELIX 1994a; DIVAKAR &
UPRETI 2005); corticolous and saxicolous.
86
Lower surface pale brown. Medulla C+red (gyrophoric)
Bulbothrix goebelii (Zenker) Hale
Bulbothrix goebelii
(Zenker) Hale, Smithsonian Contr. Bot.
32: 14 (1976).
Syn.:
Parmelia goebelii
Zenker, in Goebel & Kunze, Pharm.
Waarenkunde 1: 134 (1827).
Description:
Thallus adnate, 2–
8 cm wide; lobes 0.4–1.5 mm wide with marginal bulbate,
dense and ± apically branched cilia; upper surface pale grey,
moderately isidiate; lower surface dark brown to black with
branched rhizines. Cortex K+ yellow; atranorin. Medulla K–,
C+ rose, KC+ red, P–; gyrophoric acid. The chemistry sets
this apart from other
Bulbothrix
species in northern Thailand.
Ecology and distribution:
Corticolous in northern Thailand,
occurring in evergreen forests above 1000 m (Chiang Mai
Province, Doi Suthep National Park, and Chiang Rai
Province, Khun Lao Village). A pantropical species of
primary and secondary forests at low elevations (ELIX
1994a); corticolous and saxicolous.
86
Lower surface black. Medulla C-
Bulbothrix cf. pigmentacea (Hale) Hale
Bulbothrix pigmentacea
(Hale) Hale, Phytologia 28: 480
(1974).
Syn.:
Parmelia pigmentacea
Hale, J. Jap. Bot. 43: 325
(1968).
Description:
Thallus adnate and fragile, 1–2 cm
wide; lobes 0.2–1 mm wide with dense, bulbate, apically
branched marginal cilia; upper surface pale grey, shiny,
moderately isidiate; lower surface black with dark, dense,
dichotomously branched rhizines. Cortex K+ yellow;
atranorin. Medulla K–, C–, KC–, P–. HALE (1976a) reports
an unknown red pigment in the rhizines and lower cortex, but
this was not seen in specimens from Thailand: it could be that
our material corresponds to
B. queenslandica
(Elix &
G.N.Stevens) Elix, reported from Chiang Mai by
POOPRANG et al (1999); the material is currently under
revision. Distinguished from
B. bulbochaeta
by the presence
of isidia.
Ecology and distribution:
Common in northern
Thailand; corticolous in dry dipterocarp forests at c. 600–900
m and also in disturbed fagaceous forests up to 1150 m.
Known from SE Asia (HALE 1976a, WOLSELEY et al.
2002).
87
Rhizines richly and dichotomously branched
88
87
Rhizines simple or weakly and irregularly branched
93
88
Medulla K+ yellow or K+ yellow turning red
89