29
Axis
: the term mostly refers to the compact, filamentous medulla of
Usnea
-species (central axis,
or central chord).
Bacilliform
(of spores and spermatia): stick-shaped, narrowly cylindrical, the ends not acute.
Biatorine
(of apothecia):
apothecia
“lacking a true
exciple
when mature, and which are pale or
more or less coloured, soft in consistency, and generally strongly convex” (from Purvis et al.
1992). In other terms, a
lecideine apothecium
with a non-black
margin
. This rather difficult
term is not used in our keys, being subsumed under “non-
lecanorine
”.
Biseriate
(of spores): arranged more or less in two rows within the asci.
Bitunicate
(of ascus walls): the
ascus
wall is composed of two layers (endo- and esoascus),
which tend to separate at the time of dispersal of
spores
: the more rigid outer wall breaks,
the inner wall rapidly collapses. See also:
fissitunicate
,
unitunicate
.
Blastidia:
propagules for the asexual reproduction of the lichen, produced by the budding of
thalli in a yeast-like manner, with each new blastidium produced from the tip of the previous
one; they are easily confused with
soredia
, more rarely with
isidia
; in our keys, they are
mostly subsumed under “soredia”.
Branches
: parts of ramified fruticose lichens with a more or less circular section.
Bullate
(of thallus parts): bubble-like, restricted at the base. Used esp. for squamulose lichens,
e.g. the squamules of some
Toninia,
e.g.
T.toepfferi
.
C
(reagents): bleaching water solution (sodium hypochlorite) or undiluted commercial bleach.
This reagent is short-lasting, it should renovated after ca. 10-20 days (more often in summer
or in heated spaces). Reactions with
C
are sometimes ephemeral. Attention! Pure sodium
hypochlorite - due to its odour - is becoming rare in supermarkets, being substituted by other
products, some of which may give odd reactions!
Canaliculate
(of thallus parts): channelled (e.g. the lobes of
Flavocetraria cucullata
).
Capitate
(of soralia):
soredia
grouped into more or less convex knots, located at the end of
lobes or branches (e.g. those of
Hypogymnia tubulosa
); the term is sometimes used also for
paraphyses
with distinctly swollen apical cells.
Capitulum
: the spore-bearing, enlarged part of the pin-like apothecia of some Caliciales.
Carbonaceous
(of parts of the ascocarps): coal-like, black, non-transparent, and friable
(section!), such as the apothecial margins of
Opegrapha
.
Cephalodia
(singular: cephalodium): lichenised structures containing cyanobacteria, found on
thalli with a
chlorococcoid
main photobiont. They may appear as warts (e.g.
Peltigera
aphthosa
), or as coralloid outgrowths (e.g.
Lobaria amplissima
) on the upper surface of
foliose lichens, or as small warts on the pseudopodetia of fruticose lichens such as
Stereocaulon
. In some species they are scarcely visible, being immersed in the thallus (e.g.
the internal cephalodia of some
Solorina
-species).
Cerebriform
: folded like the human brain.
Chlorococcoid
(of photobiont): one-celled green algae, excluding
Trentepohlia
: the photobiont
layer has a bright green colour. See also
trentepohliod
.
Cilia:
human hair-like, stout outgrowths composed by several hyphae, usually arising from the
edge of foliose thalli. (e.g. in
Parmotrema
), not to be confused with
hairs
.
Clavate
(of spores, or of asci): club-like, with one end thicker than the other.
Coccoid
: more or less spherical.
Concolourous
: of the same colour.
Concrescent
: becoming jointed (e.g. of apothecia, of lobes, etc.).
Confluent
: becoming merged (e.g. of soralia).
Conglutinate
(of apothecial parts, esp. paraphyses): not easily detachable, almost glued
together.
Conidia
(singular: conidium): see
spermogonia
.
Conidiophorous
(of cells): fungal cells, usually located inside
pycnidia
, which in various ways
give rise to
spermogonia
.
