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paraphyses unthickened or ±thickened at the apices, straight to bent, parallel or
interwoven and branched; columella absent or simple to complex and reticulate.
Epihymenium hyaline to brownish, with or without granules. Asci 1–8-spored,
clavate, non-amyloid. Ascospores 1–2-seriate, transversely septate to
submuriform or muriform, colourless to brown, halonate or not. Conidia
bacilliform, fusiform or oblong. Photobiont:
Trentepohlia
. - Several species are
known from Sri Lanka, e.g.
Ocellularia balangoda
(Hunasgiriya-Kandy),
O.
cloonanii
(Fishing hut- Adams Peak),
Chapsa thambapanni
(Horton Plains),
C.
magnifica
(Sinharaja rain forest),
C. isidiata
(Nawanagala), and
C. pulchella
(Hewainna- Avissawella).
Opegrapha
spp.
Thallus crustose, thin to thick, smooth or fissured, sometimes partially or totally
immersed, white to brown. Apothecia lirelliform, usually elongate, sometimes
branched or stellate, discrete or confluent, more or less sessile. Margin black,
opaque, carbonised, continuous or interrupted below the hypothecium. Disc
more or less exposed or remaining slit-like. Asci usually 8-spored, clavate-
cylindrical, fissitunicate. Spores colourless, multiseptate (with transversal septa
only), one or more median cells usually enlarged. Photobiont:
Trentepohlia
. -
Several species have been reported from Sri Lanka, e.g.
O. subvulgata
and
O.
viridis
.
Parmelinella simplicior
(Hale) Elix & Hale
Thallus foliose, 8-10 cm wide, adnate; lobes elongate or subirregular, becoming
imbricate, (3-)4-5 mm wide, sparsely ciliate. Upper cortex mineral to brownish
grey, lacking soredia and isidia. Medulla white. Lower surface black, with a
more or less brown, erhizinate zone near lobe apices; rhizines sparse, simple.
Apothecia lecanorine. Spores colourless, 1-celled. Photobiont: chlorococcoid.
Spot-tests: cortex K+ yellow (atranorin). Medulla K+ yellow turning red, C–,
KC–, P+ orange (salazinic acid). - Corticolous in undisturbed, evergreen
montane forests, also reported from the Western Ghat, India and E Africa.
Parmelinella wallichiana
(Taylor) Elix & Hale
Thallus foliose, 5-10 cm wide, closely adnate on bark; lobes 5-10 mm wide,
rounded, shortly ciliate in lobe axils. Upper surface grey to grey-green, smooth,
emaculate, sparsely isidiate- Lower surface black to brown, with a broad naked
or papillate marginal zone; rhizines simple. Apothecia very rare, lecanorine.
Spores colourless, 1-celled. Photobiont: chlorococcoid. Spot-tests: cortex K+
yellow (atranorin). Medulla K+ yellow turning red, C-, KC-, P+ orange–red
(salazinic and consalazinic acid). - A widespread tropical species, corticolous in
Africa, frequently also saxicolous in India, Nepal, Thailand, Japan and
Australia.
Parmelinopsis horrescens
(Taylor) Elix & Hale
Thallus foliose, closely adnate, 2-6 cm wide, whitish to greenish grey, with
lobes often crowded and imbricate, (sub)linear, 0.5-3 mm wide, lobulate and
ciliate; isidia dense, cylindrical or becoming slightly coralloid–lobulate, apically
spinulose or shorly ciliate. Lower surface black, with moderately dense, mostly
simple rhizines. Apothecia very rare, lecanorine. Spores colourless, 1-celled.
Photobiont: chlorococcoid. Spot-tests: cortex K+ yellow (atranorin). Medulla K-
, C-, KC+ rose/red, P-, with 3–methoxy–2,4–di–O–methylgyrophoric acid
(major), gyrophoric acid (minor) and related substances. - A widespread,
pantemperate and montane pantropical species, occurring both on rock and bark.
