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black with a brown margin; rhizines scattered, to 2 mm long. Apothecia very
rare, lecanorine. Spores colourless, 1-celled. Photobiont: chlorococcoid. Spot-
tests: cortex K+ yellow (atranorin). Medulla K-, C-, KC+ red, P-, UV+ blue-
white (alectoronic &
α
–collatolic acids). - A mainly corticolous species, also
reported from Australia, E Africa, Thailand, Madagascar, Papua New Guinea
and Hawaii.
Parmotrema praesorediosum
(Nyl.) Hale
Thallus foliose, adnate, up to 8 cm wide; lobes rounded, 4-7 mm wide with
eciliate, suberect, sorediate margins. Upper surface pale grey, fragile and
cracked in older parts; soredia granular. Lower surface black, with a mottled,
narrow (1-2 mm wide) margin; rhizines sparse, simple, short (1-2 mm long).
Apothecia very rare, lecanorine. Spores colourless, 1-celled. Photobiont:
chlorococcoid. Spot-tests: cortex K+ yellow (atranorin). Medulla K-, C- KC- P-
(protopraesorediosic and praesorediosic acids). - A widespread pantropical,
mainly corticolous species.
Parmotrema rampoddense
(Nyl.) Hale
Thallus foliose, up to 15 cm wide, loosely adnate; lobes irregular, 6-15 mm
wide, the margins incised with dense, 3-6 mm long, simple to furcated cilia.
Upper surface pale grey to grey with linear or occasionally subcapitate soralia.
Medulla white, partly pigmented K+ purple. Lower surface black with brown
margin; rhizines sparse, simple. Apothecia lecanorine. Spores colourless, 1-
celled. Photobiont: chlorococcoid. Spot-tests: cortex K+ yellow (atranorin).
Medulla K-, C-, KC+ red, P-, UV+ blue-white (alectoronic &
α
–collatolic acids,
± skyrin). - A pantropical, mainly corticolous species of rather open forests.
Parmotrema reticulatum
(Taylor) M. Choisy
Thallus foliose, loosely adnate, 5-20 cm wide; lobes subrotund to subirregular,
4-15 mm wide, margins irregularly–incised to laciniate-dissected with cilia to 1
mm long. Upper surface pale grey–green, distinctly reticulately maculate to
cracked with marginal, subcapitate to linear soralia. Lower surface dark brown
to black with dense, simple or squarrose rhizines. Apothecia very rare,
lecanorine. Spores colourless, 1-celled. Photobiont: chlorococcoid. Spot-tests:
cortex K+ yellow (atranorin). Medulla K+ yellow turning red, C-, KC-, P+
orange (salazinic acid). - A mainly corticolous species throughout undisturbed
and disturbed forests, subcosmopolitan both in tropical and warm-temperate
areas.
Parmotrema sancti–angelii
(Lynge) Hale
Thallus foliose, up to 15 cm wide, loosely attached; lobes irregular, 7-14 mm
wide, with crenate to incised, sparsely to densely ciliate margins. Upper surface
grey green with marginal soralia (soredia farinose). Lower surface black, with a
brown margin; rhizines dense, simple. Apothecia very rare, lecanorine. Spores
colourless, 1-celled. Photobiont: chlorococcoid. Spot-tests: cortex K+ yellow
(atranorin). Medulla K-, C+ red, KC+ red, P- (gyrophoric acid). - A widespread,
mainly corticolous, pantropical species of rather open forests.
